"Variable Name";"Model Notation";"Variable Type";Justification;"Data Source"
"India’s aggregate emissions intensity per unit of GDP, kg CO₂ equivalent per USD";int_ts;dependent;"The choice is based on the NDC target for 2030, which is considered an intermediate step toward achieving Net Zero by 2070. Conceptually, the selected indicator is a close alternative to total emissions, which are not included directly in the analysis due to their persistent upward trend as of 2024 except for a single year during the pandemic—2020. This trend complicates the assessment of emission reduction prospects by 2030.";"Derived from The Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (The Energy Institute, 2024), World Bank Open Data."
"Forest area, % of total land area";forest_ts;independent;"The indicator is selected in alignment with India’s NDC target of achieving additional carbon sequestration of 2.5–3 billion tons of CO₂ equivalent by 2030 through increased forest cover. Based on the FAO methodology, the indicator excludes agricultural plantations and urban tree cover.";"World Bank Open Data, Forest area (% of land area) – India."
"Share of electricity generated from RE sources, %";renew_ts;independent;"The indicator is based on another NDC target, which aims to achieve approximately 50% of the total installed power generation capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. It combines electricity generated from hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, tidal energy, and bioenergy.";"The Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (The Energy Institute, 2024)."
"Share of national income held by the middle class in India, %";middle_ts;independent;"The selection of this indicator is based on a previously proposed thesis: the unpredictable growth of the middle class within India’s rapidly expanding population is a significant factor influencing the future dynamics of total emissions. The World Inequality Lab (WIL) dataset was chosen as it provides the most comprehensive time series for India, covering the analyzed period. The dataset reports the per-adult pre-tax national income share for the Middle 40% group, providing insight into the extent to which income inequality is determined by the economic system itself prior to redistributive effects.";"Bharti et al. (2024)"