"Table 3. Continued";Country;Approaches;Measures
Country;Approaches;Measures
Brazil;"Single tax regime as a starting point for formalization";"In 2014, Brazil adopted a National Plan to Combat Informal Employment of Workers, combining and integrating various isolated initiatives to ensure greater focus and coherence of government actions.  In 2017, the labor market reform was launched to accelerate development and formalization"
Russia;"Creation of decent and efficient jobs, ensuring the official registration of employees, tax, administrative and labor reforms";"In 2018, a tax regime was introduced to remove professional income from the shadow"
India;"Creation of high-quality jobs, organization of the Personnel Security Fund; increasing employment opportunities for young people and workers in the informal economy, establishing labor relations and expanding the scope of labor legislation";"In 2017, as part of the structural reform, the government introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) as a multi-stage tax on each value added and replaced a large number of indirect taxes.  India implemented the world’s largest initiative to expand access to financial services through Direct Transfer of benefits (DBT) to quickly provide social protection to the poor and eliminate losses.  The government launched Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY) to directly intervene and encourage employers to create more formal jobs by fully reimbursing the employer’s social security contribution rate of 12 percent in case of hiring new employees.  In 2020, the Atmanirbhara Bharat Abhiyan stimulus package (equivalent to 15% of GDP) was adopted"
"South Affrica";"A national task force is created to prepare a roadmap for formalization, a national minimum wage is established, the shortage of qualified personnel is addressed, MSME growth is promoted, social protection is expanded and the mechanism of social partnership is institutionalized";"In 2014, a new Department for Small Business Development was created; company registration automation was carried out, reducing the time for business registration; amendments were made to the rules of public procurement, providing for the reservation of 30 percent of all large contracts for microenterprises and small enterprises owned by blacks; assistance was provided for linking small businesses with supply chains. The government introduced two special tax regimes – the Small Business Corporation (SBC) regime and the turnover tax regime to provide tax benefits to small businesses and a simplified taxation system for microenterprises.  In 2015, South Africa established a national task force to ensure the transition from a formal to an informal economy. The Task Force conducted a comprehensive diagnosis of the informal economy and its driving forces and began the process of preparing a roadmap for formalization based on tripartite consultations.  The National Skills Development Plan (NSDP) up to 2030 was developed."
;;"In 2015, the Labor Activation Program (LAP) and the Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) were launched.  In 2018, the National Strategy for the Development of Handicrafts (NADS) was developed; the Skills Development Fund (NSF) was established by introducing a fee of 1% from employers’ wages; the digital platform of the South African Employment Service (ESSA) was launched, providing job search services for unemployed youth; a mechanism for recognizing informally acquired skills and competencies of employees was developed and ensuring the transferability of skills to certification to facilitate the transition to the formal economy.  South Africa expanded the social security system. The National Development Plan 2030 outlines a social protection strategy for South Africa aimed at protecting the elderly and young people, as well as adults of working age who are unable to work due to structural unemployment, illness and disability"